Base64 is a binary-to-text encoding scheme that represents binary data in an ASCII string format. It's commonly used to encode data that needs to be transmitted over text-based protocols like HTTP, email, or when storing binary data in text files.

The encoding process converts every 3 bytes of binary data into 4 ASCII characters, making it possible to send binary files through text-based systems without corruption.

Common Use Cases for Base64

Data Transmission

Encode binary data for safe transmission over text-based protocols like HTTP, SMTP, or JSON APIs.

File Attachments

Convert images, documents, and other files to text format for embedding in emails or web pages.

Data Storage

Store binary data in text-based storage systems like databases or configuration files.

Web Development

Embed small images directly in CSS or HTML using data URIs with Base64 encoding.

How Base64 Encoding Works

Binary Input

Start with binary data (images, files, etc.)

Group into 6-bit chunks

Divide binary data into 6-bit segments

Convert to ASCII

Map each 6-bit chunk to a printable ASCII character

Add Padding

Append '=' characters if needed for proper length

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Base64 encoding secure?

Base64 is not encryption - it's encoding. It doesn't provide security or privacy. It simply converts data to a different format that's safe for text transmission.

Does Base64 increase file size?

Yes, Base64 encoding increases file size by approximately 33% because it converts every 3 bytes of binary data into 4 ASCII characters.

When should I use Base64 encoding?

Use Base64 when you need to transmit binary data through text-based systems, embed small files in web pages, or store binary data in text formats.

What characters are used in Base64?

Base64 uses 64 characters: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, +, and /. The = character is used for padding at the end of the encoded string.

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